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ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื ืžืฆืื• 1652 ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ""

  • ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื | ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ | Shittim | Chagim

    ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืฆืœ "ื ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื; ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื-ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื›ืš ื ื™ืžื ื” ืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืืจืฅ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืืจืฅ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื•ืœืžื•ืคืช." (ื”ืจืฆืœ, 1895) ืœืžืขืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ"ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืžืจ ืื•ืกืฃ ืงื˜ืขื™ื, ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ืžืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื—ื’. ืœื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื”. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ืจ, ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ืœืžืขืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 9/5/24 - 6/6/24 ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช "ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื• ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื”ืฆืžื™ื— ืื•ืชื”, ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื ืคืฉ ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืงื” ื‘ื•" (ื‘ืจืœ ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ) โ€‹ ืื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื— ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™-ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ืฉืจ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•. โ€‹ ืœืงืจืืช ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื“ื’ืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ. โ€‹ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืงื˜ื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ ื•ืžืื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืื ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืกื“ื ืื•ืช, ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช, ืกื™ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ. ืžื˜ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™-ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ ืžืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื•ืคืช. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ "ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื" ืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื” ื•ืžื” ื ืฉื ื”? ืžืกืข ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข/ืช? ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ืช ืขื ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื›ืขืจืš ื•ื›ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช "ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื" ืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื” ื•ืžื” ื ืฉื ื”? ืžืกืข ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข/ืช? ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ืช ืขื ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื›ืขืจืš ื•ื›ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช "ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื" ืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื” ื•ืžื” ื ืฉื ื”? ืžืกืข ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข/ืช? ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ืช ืขื ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื›ืขืจืš ื•ื›ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืฆืœ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืขืฆืžื ื• ื’ื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื’ื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ. "ืžืื™ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื”?" | ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืฆืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ืœืœื ืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ืœืœื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฉื˜ืช ื™ื“ ื•ืขืฆืžืื•ืช - ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื“ | ื™ืขืœ ื’ืจื•ืก ืจื•ื–ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฆืจ ื ืงืžืช ื”ื“ื ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื•, ื‘ื”ื ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœืชืงื•ื•ื”, ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื”. ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื™ื™ื - ื”ื ืงืžื” ื”ื‘ื•ื ื” | ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืคื™ืจื ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื—ื’ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื ื—ื’ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื’ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื’ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืจืš ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื—ื’ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ | ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื

  • ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืงื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช/ โ€‹ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืงื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื”'' - ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ืงื™''ื˜, ืข''ื'' ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืงื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื• ื ื•ื›ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ื›ืกื™ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื›ืœื“ื™ื™ื ( = ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื) "ื›ืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืงื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืื›ืœื" ื”ืœืš ื•ืžื›ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื• ื•ืœืงื— ื‘ื”ื ืžืจื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื’ืฉืจ, ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืจื•ื— ืืช ื›ื•ื‘ืขื• ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืœืชื• ืœื™ื. ื‘ืœืขื• ื“ื’. ื ืฆื•ื“ ื”ื“ื’ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืง ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช. ืืžืจื•: "ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ื•?" ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื: "ืœื›ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืฆืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืงื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืช , ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื™ืงื—". ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ืืฆืœื• ื•ืœืงื—ื•. ืงืจืขื• ื•ืžืฆื ื‘ื• ืžืจื’ืœื™ืช. ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ืจื™ ื–ื”ื‘. ืคื’ืข ื‘ื• ื–ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืืžืจ: "ืžื™ ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช - ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืคื•ืจืขืช ืœื•". ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ื’ >

  • ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืจืฆืœ ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื

    ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช/ โ€‹ ื”ืจืฆืœ ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื โ€‹ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1898, ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื”ืจืฆืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ืงื™ื™ื–ืจ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™, ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ืชืžื™ื›ืชื• ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ืืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื›ื™. ื”ืจืฆืœ ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืคื• ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉื ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ืงื™ื™ื–ืจ. ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•, ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ืจืฉืžื™ื• ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื: โ€‹ 28.10.1898: "ืื ื™ ืจืง ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืœื” ื‘ืชืคืืจืชื”. ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื™ืคื”, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืื ื ื‘ื•ื ืœื›ืืŸ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืช ืžืขืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉืื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืš ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ื”ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื”ืืคืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืกืคื•ื’ื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ื”ืžื” ืจื•ื‘ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืกืžื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื—ื™ื ื•ืช. ... ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื ืขื•ื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื– ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืœ ืื ืงื” ืื•ืชื” ืžื–ื•ื”ืžืชื”. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื•ืช. ืืงื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ, ืืคื ื” ืืช ืงื™ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืžื”, ืื”ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื, ืืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืชื™ื‘ื ื” ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืืชืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื ื•ื—ื”, ืžืื•ื•ืจืจืช, ืžืชื•ืขืœืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืŸ. 30.10.1898: ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™. ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืคืฉื™ื˜ืช ื™ื“ ืžื›ื•ืขืจืช ื•ืกืคืกืจื™ืช. ื›ืš ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืืžืฉ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื. ืืžืฉ ื‘ื™ืงืจื ื• ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ื“ื•ื“. ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™: "ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ืืŸ, ืœื›ืœื•ื ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ". ืžืจืื” ืžืจืชืง ื“ืจืš ืืฉื ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ ื”ื–ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืงืขืช ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืขืจื‘. ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื ื• - ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช - ื“ืจืš ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื“ืœื•ืจื•ื–ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื–ื™ื™ื“ื ืจ, ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื›ืืŸ ืงื•ื“ื, ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœื”ืชืœื•ื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื•. ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืš ืžื•ืจืš ืœื‘, ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืืคื•ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจ. ื—ื‘ืจื™ื™ ื™ืขืฆื• ืœื™ ืฉืœื ืื ื™ื— ืืช ื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœื™ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจ. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ืจื•ืš ื’ื ื‘ืžืกื’ื“ ืขื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื—ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ื•ืจื™. ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืชืคืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื ืื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ. โ€‹ 31.10.1898: ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื”ื–ื ื—ื” ื•ืœื›ืœื•ืš. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืคื ื™ื”ื, ืขืœ ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืฉืงืจื™ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืชืขื ื’ื ื• ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืช, ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืื’ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื. ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื-ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืชืคืืจืช. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื•ืชืฉืืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืœื•ึผืจื“ [ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืฆืจืคืช, ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื•ืงื“ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ืžืจื™ื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื ืขืจื” ื‘ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื‘1858], ืžื›ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืขื™ืจ ื ืื” ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื™ื“ ื–ื• ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”. 1.11.1898: ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื. ืžืจืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืžื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช!... ... ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืขืœ ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืฆืจ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื•ืกื”, ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ื•ืชืจื• ืจืง ื‘ืชื™ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื”. ื•ืขืœ ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘, ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ืงื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•, ืชืฉืชืจืข ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช. ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจื–ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื. ืื ื™ื˜ืคื—ื•ื” ืชื”ืคื•ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ื™ื™ืช ื—ืžื“ื”. ื›ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ - ืœืืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ - ืœืคืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘-ืกื‘ื™ื‘. ื‘ 1902 ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ "ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘" (ืืœื˜ื ื•ื™ืœื ื“) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฆืœ. ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื• ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื™ื ืžืจืฉืžื™ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ืœื ื›ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืžื. ืฆืขืงื”, ืฆื—ื ื”, ืžื‘ื•ื›ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืœื-ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ืงืจืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื•ืช, ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจืขื‘ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืœืœื•ืช, ืจื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื. ื–ื• ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืœื ืคื•ืœ ืžืฉื ืคืœื”. ืงื™ื ื’ืกืงื•ืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื™ื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ืืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื, ืืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืœ ื”ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื ื‘ืื• ื’ื ืืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื’ื•ืŸ. ืžืจืื” ื”ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืคืขืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืจื’ื™ื–ื”. โ€‹ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืœืคื ื™ื ื‘ืื• ืคืจื™ื“ืจื™ืš ื•ืงื™ื ื’ืกืงื•ืจื˜ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœื™ืœื”, ืžืคืืช ืžืขืจื‘. ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ืžืคืืช ืžื–ืจื—. ืœืคื ื™ื ืจืื• ืคื” ืขื™ืจ ื ื•ึผื’ื” ืžืฉืชืจืขืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”. ื”ืคืขื ืจืื• ืขื™ืจ ืžืœืื” ื”ื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื– ืขืœื•ืžื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืชื”, ื•ืขืชื” ื”ืชื ืขืจื” ื•ืชื—ื™. ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืžื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื•ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืง, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื ืคืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืจืื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื–ื‘ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืขื•ื“ ื”ืชื ืฉืื• ื›ืžื• ืจืžื™ื ืกืžืœื™ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ืขืœ ืืœื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื™ืชืŸ ื•ึผืžึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึตื—ึท: ื”ื—ื™ื™ื! ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื’ื• ืขื ืง, ื•ืชืฉืืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื”ื“ืจืช ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ืœื• ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืคื” ื”ื–ื”, ืฉึปื ืชื” ืืš ืžืขื˜. ื”ื ืจืื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืงื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื. ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืกื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืื•ึนืžึทืจ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืคึผื•ึนืช ื•ื’ื’ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื‘ืจ. ืืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•. ื”ื ื” ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื“ ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ื‘ื™ืคืขืช ืชืคืืจืชื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื. ืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”. ืืš ืœื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืจืื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘. ืฉื ื ื‘ื ื• ื—ืœืงื™ ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžืœืื™ื ืžืกืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช, ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ ืžื–ื” ื•ืžื–ื” ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ื, ืŸืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžึดื’ึฐืจึฐืฉืึตื™ ื™ืจืงืจืง ื—ืจื•ืฅ, ื’ื ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ึผึปืœื‘ึทืืจื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื›ึผึดืคึผื•ืช ืœืžืกื—ืจ, ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ืฉ. ื“ื•ื“ ื ืงื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชื ืฉืื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืœ. ื›ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื. ืืš ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืจืขื” ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืžืง ื”ืงื“ืจื•ืŸ, ืขื•ื˜ื” ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื, ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืจื•ื— ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืจื—ืคืช ืขืœื™ื”. ืงื™ื ื’ืกืงื•ืจื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืช ื“ื•ื“. ืขืชื” ื—ืงืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขื ืง ืžืœื ื”ื•ื“, ืฉื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื ืช ื–ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื ืคื–; ื’ื’ื• ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ, ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื–ื”ื‘. ื•ืœื‘ ืคืจื™ื“ืจื™ืš ื ืคืขื ื‘ืฉืžืขื• ืžืคื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืœื™ื: ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ื’ >

  • ื‘ืœืง, ืจื’ืข 1 (RAGE 1)

    ืืจื™ ืืœื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืง ืคืจืฉืช ืžื—ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื™ืชื—ื•ืœืœ ื›ืืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ืฉืœ ื–ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ืื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”: ืžื–ื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื–ืจื™ืง ืœื•ื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื• ืืช ื”ืกื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1" ("Rage 1"), ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื”ืชืงืคื™ "ืงืจื™ื–" ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื. โ€‹ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”"ืงืจื™ื–ื™ื" ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจื’ืข ืœืจื’ืข, ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกื ื”ื–ืขื ("Rage 1") "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1". ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื–ืจื™ืง "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1", ื•ืœื ืžืขืฉืŸ "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1", ื•ืœื ืžึทืกึฐื ึดื™ืฃ "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1", ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ืืช ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื‘ืชืžื™ืกืช "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืงืงื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ "Rage 1" ("ืจึถื’ึทืข 1"). โ€‹ ืขื“ ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœื ืฉื•ืš ืืช ืฉืคืชื™ื• ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื›ืขืกื• ื•ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื—ืจื•ื ื•. ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ึตืžึธื” ื•ืขึถื‘ึฐืจึธื” ื ืื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ืืฉ ืงื•ื“ื—ืช ื‘ืืคื•, ื•ืžืคืœืก ื”ืงืฆืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืฆืฃ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื’ืจื•ื ื• ืžืจืงื™ืข ืœืฉื—ืงื™ื. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ืื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื–ืขื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืขืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชืคืจืฅ ืžื—ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืืœืฃ (24,000) ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื. ืฉื ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™: "ืคื ื—ืก". โ€‹ ืœืžื” ื“ื•ืงื ืžื—ืจืชื™ื™ื? ื•ืœืžื” ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ืคื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ืชื ื–ืจ ืžืกื ื”"ืจึถื’ึทืข 1" ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืœื–ืขื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื–ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื•? - ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ืื™ื ื™ื‘ื”ื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ. ื‘ืœืขื ื–ื”, ื›ืš ื”ื ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจื’ืขื™ ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื”. ืจืง ื‘ืœืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืกื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื–ืขื ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื”. ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžื“ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืจื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. โ€‹ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืงื ื™ื ื”ื ืื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืขื ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ: ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1", ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืกืคืง ืงืœ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืงึตืคื•ึผืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืœื” ื•ืžืœื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื. โ€‹ ืื– ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1" ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืคืขื™ ื”ืžืœื” "ืจึถื’ึทืข" ื‘ืชื "ืš ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืขื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™. ื”ื ื”: "ืึทืชึผึถื ืขึทื ืงึฐืฉืึตื” ืขึนืจึถืฃ ืจึถื’ึทืข 1 (ืึถื—ึธื“) ืึถืขึฑืœึถื” ื‘ึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื›ึดืœึผึดื™ืชึดื™ืšึธ"[1] ; "ื”ึดื‘ึผึธื“ึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึผึถื” ืึนืชึธื ื›ึผึฐืจึธื’ึทืข"[2] ; ื”ึตืจึนืžึผื•ึผ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึผึถื” ืึนืชึธื ื›ึผึฐืจึธื’ึทืข"[3] ; ื—ึฒื‘ึดื™ [ื”ืชื—ื‘ืื™] ื›ึดืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืจึถื’ึทืข ืขึทื“ ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึธื•ืจ ื–ึธืขึทื"[4] ; ื›ึผึดื™ ืจึถื’ึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ื•ึน"[5] ; "ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืฉืึทืžึผึธื” ื›ึฐืจึธื’ึทืข"[6] ; "ื‘ึฐืจึถื’ึทืข ืฉืึฐืื•ึนืœ ื™ึตื—ึทืชึผื•ึผ" [7] ; "ืกึฐื“ึนื ื”ึทื”ึฒืคื•ึผื›ึธื” ื›ึฐืžื• ืจึธื’ึทืข"[8] ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“... โ€‹ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1" ื›ื™ ื”ื–ืขื ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืึตืœ ื–ึนืขึตื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ื•ึนื"[9] . "ื•ืžื”ื• ืžืฉืš ื–ืขืžื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ?" ืฉื•ืืœืช ื”ื’ืžืจื, ื•ืขื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื–ื•ืขื ื”ืืœ ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื• ืื– ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื›ื™ ืžืฉืš ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื ืืœืคื™ืช ื”ื“ืงื”.[10] โ€‹ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืข ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1" ืฉื”ื–ืขื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืืœืคื™ืช ื”ื“ืงื”). ืงืฉื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืขื ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืจืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื. ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืงื”... โ€‹ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉ"ืจึถื’ึทืข 1" ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ื–ืขื™ืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื”: ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื•ืœืžื ืฃ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืขื. [11] โ€‹ ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช: "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1" ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืกื ื”ื–ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœื ื’ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ืขื™ืจื” ืฉืืฃ ืื“ื, ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ืœืขื, ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืจื’ืข, ืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืœื• ืœืคืฆื— ืœืœื ืงื•ืฉื™ ืืช ืงื•ื“ ื”ื–ืขื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™, ืœื”ืชื‘ื™ื™ืช ืขืœ ื–ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื• ื”ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืงืœืœื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืขื ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ืขื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืœืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืœ ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ืกื•ืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. โ€‹ ืื™ ืœื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ืฉื‘ืœืง ืžืœืš ืžื•ืื‘ ืฉื›ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื, ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืงืžืฆื•ืฅ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืœืขื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื›ืœื•ืชื• ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœื ืœื–ืขื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื ืกื” ื‘ืœืขื ืœืงืœืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. โ€‹ ื•ื›ืš, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืœืขื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื–ืจื™ืง "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1", ื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉืŸ "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1", ื•ืœื ื™ึทืกึฐื ึดื™ืฃ "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1". ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืœืขื ืืช ื”ืชืขื ื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืกืคืง ืœื• ื›ืœ ื ืฉืง. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืœืขื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืขืกื•, ื–ืขืžื•, ืขื‘ืจืชื•, ื—ืžืชื•, ืงืฆืคื• ื•ื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืคื•. ื‘ืœืขื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืง. ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœืงืœืœ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื‘ืจืš. ืœื‘ืœืง ื”ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ: "ืžึธื” ืึถืงึผึนื‘ ืœึนื ืงึทื‘ึผึนื” ืึตืœ ื•ึผืžึธื” ืึถื–ึฐืขึนื ืœึนื ื–ึธืขึทื ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”"[12] - ืื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื›ืขืกื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืืจื›ื™ืžื“ืก ืื—ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื” ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. โ€‹ ืื– ืœืžื” ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ืจืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœื”ืžื˜ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืืช ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื”ื–ืขื ืฉืœื•? - ื›ื™ ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื ื—ืช ื‘ืœืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื• - ืคืœื ื˜ื” 929 - ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืื•ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”-1 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2015. ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืžืคืจืง ื›"ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื– ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ืืฆืœื ื• ื’ื ืขื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ืืฆืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืคืจืฉืช "ื‘ืœ(ืง)ืขื" ืฉื ืงืจืื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืจืง ืžื—ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ืฆื•ืช, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื›"ื“, ื™ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืœืขื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืžืคืœื ื˜ื” 929 ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื•, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึทื™ึผึธืงึธื ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉืึธื‘ ืœึดืžึฐืงึนืžื•ึน"[13] โ€‹ ืจืง ืื–, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืจืง ืžื—ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื™ืคืฆื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืœื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื ื™ืขืช ื—ืžืฉ ืžื ื•ืช ื–ืขื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืจึถื’ึทืข 1". ืจืง ืžื—ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ื›"ื”, ื™ืจืฉื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืœืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื—ืžืชื•, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึตืชึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทื’ึผึตืคึธื” ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื•ึฐืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ืึธืœึถืฃ"[14] โ€‹ ื‘"ืจึถื’ึทืข 1" ืฉืœ ื–ืขื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืืœืคื™ืช ื”ื“ืงื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื—ืกืœ 24,000. ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ื”"ืงึฐืจึดื™ื–ึดื™ื" ืฉืœื• ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืžืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืœืขื. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ืจืกืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ื‘ื–ืขืžื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืจืชื™ื™ื โ€“ "ืคึผึดื™ื ึฐื—ึธืก ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื”ึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืึถืช ื—ึฒืžึธืชึดื™ ืžึตืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืงึทื ึฐืื•ึน ืึถืช ืงึดื ึฐืึธืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื›ึดืœึผึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดื ึฐืึธืชึดื™"[15] . โ€‹ ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืคื—ื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื–ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืžืคื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ื‘ืื”: "ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืจึทื—ื•ึผื ื™ึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ ืขึธื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืช. ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื” ืœึฐื”ึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืึทืคึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึน" ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•... [1] ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื’ ื” [2] ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื–, ื›ื [3] ืฉื ื™ื–, ื™ [4] ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื›ื•, ื› [5] ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœ, ื• [6] ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื’, ื™ื˜ [7] ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื, ื™ื’ [8] ืื™ื›ื” ื“, ื• [9] ืชื”ืœื™ื ื– ื™ื‘ [10] ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง 1 ืžืชื•ืš 58,888 ื‘ืฉืขื” (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉืขื” ื™ืฉ 58,888 ืจื’ืขื™ื). [11] ื•ืžื™ ืื™ื›ื ืจืชื—ื ืงืžื™ื” ื“ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื? - ืื™ืŸ, ื“ืชื ื™ื: +ืชื”ืœื™ื ื–`+ ื•ืืœ ื–ื•ืขื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื. ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ืขืžื•? - ืจื’ืข. ื•ื›ืžื” ืจื’ืข? - ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืžืฉืช ืจื‘ื•ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ืช ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืžื ื” ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื ื” ื‘ืฉืขื”, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืจื’ืข, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื”: +ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื“+ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ื“ืขืช ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉืชื ื“ืขืช ื‘ื”ืžืชื• ืœื ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข - ื“ืขืช ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข? ืืœื: ืžืœืžื“, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืขืก ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืžืจ ืœื”ื• ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: +ืžื™ื›ื” ื•`+ ืขืžื™ ื–ื›ืจ - ื ื ืžื” - ื™ืขืฅ ื‘ืœืง ืžืœืš ืžื•ืื‘ ื•ื’ื•`. ืžืื™ +ืžื™ื›ื” ื•`+ ืœืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืช ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ื”`? ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ: ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื“ืขื• ื›ืžื” ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขืžื›ื ืฉืœื ื›ืขืกืชื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข, ืฉืืœืžืœื™ ื›ืขืกืชื™ - ืœื ื ืฉืชื™ื™ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืจื™ื“ ื•ืคืœื™ื˜; ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืงืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืœืขื ืœื‘ืœืง: +ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื’+ ืžื” ืืงื‘ ืœื ืงื‘ื” ืืœ ื•ืžื” ืื–ืขื ืœื ื–ืขื ื”`, ืžืœืžื“, ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ื–ืขื (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื– ื) [12] ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื’ ื— [13] ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ ื›ื” [14] ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื” ื˜ [15] ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื” ื™ื < ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื > ืจื’ืข 1 (RAGE 1)

  • ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ-ืคืงื•ื“ื™

    ืœื›ืœ ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ-ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช/ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข/ ืฉ ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ-ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ืืจื™ ืฆื™ืžืจืžืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื–ืืช ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื "ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ". ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื‘ 1-20, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ" ื•ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื: "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืืžืจ: ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื›ื ืœื—ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”". ืคืจืฉืช "ืคืงื•ื“ื™" ืžืฆื•ืจืคืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืืœ ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ื” ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช, ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื“. โ€‹ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ืจื˜ื˜ื• ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ ืœืžืฉื”, ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ " ืชื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืœ ื”ืขื ื›ื•ืœื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืœ. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ืžืงื”ื™ืœ ืžืฉื” "ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืื–ื ื™ื”ื, ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื›ืœื™ื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืขื ืชื•ืจื: "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืื• ืœื‘ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื ื“ื‘ื” ืจื•ื—ื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”' ืœืžืœืื›ืช ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ", ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ"ื”, 21-22. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืืช ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ืœืง ืžืฉื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื”ื™ื. ืคืจืฉืช "ืคืงื•ื“ื™" ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžืกืคืจื™ --- "ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ": ืžื ื•ื™ื™, ืกึฐืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ --- ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื ื•ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืคื•ื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืฆื•ืจืชืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืชื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฆื ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื–ืจ. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืœื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช --- ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขืžื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื• --- ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ืชื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ"? ืžื“ื•ืข ื˜ื•ืจื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืชืืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ืจื•ื˜ ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืค ืข ืž ื™ ื™ ื, ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืžืฉื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงืžืชื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ? ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื•ืชื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจื™, ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ? โ€‹ ืงื˜ืข ืžื”ืคืจืฉื” โ€“ ืกื™ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืงื ืืช ื”ื—ืฆืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืœืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ืžืกืš ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืฆืจ ื•ื™ื›ืœ ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื”. ื•ื™ื›ืก ื”ืขื ืŸ ืืช ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืขื ืŸ, ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืกืขื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืกืขื™ื”ื. ื•ืื ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ื”ืขื ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ืกืขื• ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืœื•ืชื•. ื›ื™ ืขื ืŸ ื”' ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืืฉ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื•, ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืกืขื™ื”ื. ืžื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืžืชืžืจ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืกื•ื›ื”, ื•ื ืงืคืœ ื ื•ืงืคืŸ ื•ืžื—ืคื” ืืช ื”ืื”ืœ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ื™ื›ืก ื”ืขื ืŸ ืืช ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“". ื•ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืฉืžืฉื• ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืžืืœื, ืื—ื“ ืžืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื, ื•ืขื ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ืขื ืŸ ื ื•ืกืข ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ืžืฉืคื™ืœ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคืœ, ื•ื”ื•ืจื’ ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื•ืขืงืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืงื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืงื ื™ื, ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉืจื”, ื•ืขื ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื”ืœ. โ€‹ ืžืชื•ืš ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื โ€“ ื˜ืœื™, ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ื–ื™ืช ืชืฉื "ื–, 1997 ื‘ืคืจืฉื•ืช "ืชืจื•ืžื”" ื•"ืชืฆื•ื”" ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืืœ ืœืžืฉื”, ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉื” ืœื ื‘ื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื ื•ืœื‘ืฆืœืืœ, ืื™ืš ื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื›ืœื™ื•. ื‘ืื” ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื•" ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื, ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช --- ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื”ื™ื ื” --- ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืจืš ืืœื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ื™ื›ืœ ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื”", ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ื’ >

  • ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื—ืกื“

    ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื” / ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื—ืกื“ โ€‹ ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš โ€‹ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื—ืกื“ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื’ืข ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ืžื’ืขืœ ืชืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจื’ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื–ื•ืจื—ืช ื›ืžื• ืฆืœ ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื•ืื™ ื•ืืจืื” ืœืš ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฉื•ื. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืช ืจืง ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืขืช ืฉื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื™ืœืงื— ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ื•ืื™ ื•ืืจืื” ืœืš ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืื™ืจ ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื—. ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

  • ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘, ืฉื‚ื•ื‘ึทืข

    ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื” / ื™ื•ืชื ืจืื•ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ืข โ€‹ ืœึนื ืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืœึผึถื—ึถื ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถืชึผึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืœึฐืฉื‚ื‘ึทืข. ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึทื™ึดืŸ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ืžึตืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืกึดื™ื‘ึผึธื”. ื’ึผึทื ื”ึทื“ึผึฐืึธื’ึธื”, ืœึฐืžึธืฉืึธืœ, ื—ื•ึนืœึถืคึถืช ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึธืึตื™ื‘ึธื”. ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื ึดื’ึฐืžึถืจึถืช. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึนื ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึนืจึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื”, ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื ึดืจึฐื’ึผึธืข ืึทืฃ ืคึผึทืขึทื ืึตื™ื ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื ึดืจึฐื’ึผึธืข. ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ื’ >

  • ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื”

    ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื” Heading 6 ืื‘ื™ ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืจื” ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื ืฆืจ ืกื™ืจื ื™ ืืžืจื” ื”ืกื•ื›ื”: ืื ื™ ืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ื ืœื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืจืงืข. ืืžืจ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘: ืื ื™ ื ืขืœื‘' ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื™ื - ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ื—ืœื‘. ืืžืจ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’: ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื ืœื™ ืœืกืจื•ื’ - ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืจื•ื’. ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื”ื“ืก ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ืงื•ื ื“ืก ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื” ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ โ€“ ืกืจื‘ื”. ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ื• ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื•-ื˜ื•-ื˜ื• ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื—ื•"ืœ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืžืกืข. ื—ื’ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื ืขื•ืจ, ืื‘ืจื™ื ืจืž"ื— ื•ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืก"ื” ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืš ื•ืขื ืกื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืคื” ืžื›ื•ืœื ื—ื’ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืชืฉืก"ื! ืืžืจื” ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื ื›ืจ ื”ืคืœื ื•ืคืœื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืกืชื• ื™ื•ืจื” ืœืจื’ืœ ื’ืœื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื™ืžื™ื ืงื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื•ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ื’ >

  • ืœืš ืœืš, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื ืชืฅ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื

    ืืจื™ ืืœื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœืš ืœืš ืคืจืฉืช ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื“ืงืœื ืืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื ืชืฅ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื, [1] ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ืŸ ืฉืœื™. ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืืช ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืชืจื—, ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืืžื™ืฅ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื ื™ืชืฅ ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื— ืœื™ืขืจ, ืฉื ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื... ืžืื“ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ื‘ื’ืŸ. ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืžืงืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื—ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืœ ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื•ื’ื’ื™ื. ื”ื™ืœื“ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืœื™ืœ ื”ื ืขืจืฅ ืฉืœื™. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื›ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื, ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื ืชืฅ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ื–ื›ืจ ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืืžื•ื ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืกืจื‘ ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืจื ืœื ืžืจื“ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืฅ ืืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืœื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื“ืจืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ืžื™ืœืื• ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืคื•ื‘ืจืงื™ื. ื–ืืช, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืชื™ืืจื• ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืžืžืฆื™ืื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ื ื•ืขื– ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ืื™ื–ื, ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชื™ืืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ื ืจืื• ื‘ื• ืžื ืชืฅ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช "ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื ื—ืจื™ื‘ื”". ื•ื–ืืช, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืงืช ื”ืžื•ืจื“ ื•ื”ืžื ืชืฅ ืฉื‘ื™ ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื. ืื ื™ ืžื ืชืฅ ืžืฉืžืข ืื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™... ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืžื ื•ืชืฅ. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ืกื” ืœืขื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืจื“ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช. ืœื ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืœืžืจื•ื“ ื‘ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžืขืžืงื™ื”. ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืื ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืคืื–ืœ ืื—ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืจืกื™ืกื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืžื ื•ืชืฆื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ืคืื–ืœื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ: `ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ`[2] , ื•ื ืืžืจ "ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฉื”: `ื™ื™ืฉืจ ื›ื—ืš ืฉืฉื‘ืจืช`"[3] . ื™ื™ืฉืจ ื›ื•ื—ื›ื, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉืฉื™ื‘ืจืชื ืœืžืขื ื ื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื ื™ืชืฆืชื ืœืžืขื ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉืชื ืœื ื• ืืจื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืœื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืžื ื•ืชืฆื™ื. ื›ื™ื™ืฃ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืงื“ื ื•ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืคืื–ืœื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืจืกื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืœืžื™ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืจืื•, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืืœ, ื‘ืฆืœืžื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื ื• ื”ืžื ื•ืชืฆืช. ื›ื™ื™ืฃ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืžืจื™ื ืžืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉืœื” ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื”. [1] ืชืจื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื”. ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ืœืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืชื—ืชื™ื•. ื‘ื ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœื• ืืœื™ืœ. ืืžืจ ืœื• ืื‘ืจื”ื: ื‘ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืืชื”? ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืื•ื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืื“ื, ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืกื’ื•ื“ ืœื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื. ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื•. ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืื” ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืงืขืจืช ืกื•ืœืช. ืืžืจื” ื”ืืฉื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื: ื”ื ืœืš, ื”ืงืจื‘ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื. ืขืžื“ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืงื— ืžืงืœ ื•ืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื”ื. ื›ืฉื‘ื ืื‘ื™ื• ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืžื” ืืฉืงืจ ืœืš โ€“ ื‘ืื” ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ืขื ืงืขืจืช ืกื•ืœืช ื•ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื. ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืงื•ื“ื. ืงื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื”ื ืœืงื— ืžืงืœ ื•ืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ. ืืžืจ ืœื• ืชืจื—: ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ - ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื? ืืžืจ ืœื• ืื‘ืจื”ื: ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืื–ื ื™ืš ืžืคื™ืš? ืœืงื— ืชืจื— ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืžืกืจื• ืœื ืžืจื•ื“. ืืžืจ ืœื• ื ืžืจื•ื“: ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืืฉ! ืืžืจ ืœื• ืื‘ืจื”ื: ืืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžื™ื ืฉืžื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืฉ. ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžื™ื! ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื ื ื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืจื•ื— ื”ื ื•ืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื ื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืจื•ื—, ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืื“ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื•ื—. ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืกืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ - ืœื ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื ืœืืฉ, ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืœื™ื›ืš ื‘ื•, ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื” ืœื• ื•ื™ืฆื™ืœืš ืžืžื ื•. ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื”ืจืŸ ืฉืคืกื— ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื•ืืžืจ: ืื ื™ื ืฆื— ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื ื™ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ืื ื™ื ืฆื— ื ืžืจื•ื“ ืื ื™ ืžื ืžืจื•ื“. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื“ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ืืฉ ื•ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืžืจ ืœื• (ื ืžืจื•ื“): ืขื ืžื™ ืืชื”? ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื ื˜ืœื•ื”ื• ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืืฉ ื•ื ื—ืžืจื• ืžืขื™ื• ื•ื™ืฆื ื•ืžืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•. ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ `ื•ื™ืžืช ื”ืจืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชืจื— ืื‘ื™ื•`. (ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืืจืžื™ืช ืขืค"ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืœ"ื—) [2] ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืกื•ื˜ื” ืคืจืง ื– ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื—; ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื— ื‘; ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืฆื˜ ื [3] ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืฆื˜ ื ; ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืคื– ื ; ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืกื‘ ื ; ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื™ื“ ื‘ < ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื > ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื ืชืฅ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื

  • ืื‘ืœื•ืช, ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ

    ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื” / ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื• ืžืจื—ืงื™ื, ืคืจื“ืก ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืจื—ืžื™ื 2018 ื•ึฐืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผืจ ื•ึผื‘ึธืจื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถืžึผึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืœึฐื—ึทืฉึผืึตื‘ ื ึฐืฉืึดื™ืžื•ึบืช. ื’ึผึทื ืขึตืฅ ื ึถืขึฑืงึธืจ, ืฉืึณืจึธืฉืึธื™ื• ืžึฐื’ึทืฉืึผึฐืฉืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืกึดื“ึฐืงึตื™ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื, ื ึดืžึฐืชึผึธื—ึดื™ื ืœึดื™ื ื•ึนืง ืœึทื—ื•ึผืช ืงึฐืœื•ึผืฉืึธื” ืžึตืจึถื’ึถื‘ ืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”, ืœึดืฉืึฐืึนื‘ ืึถืœ ืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึธื” ืฉืึถืžึผื•ึผื›ึธืŸ ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถื›ึผึธื–ึนืืช, ืจึฐืกึดื™ืกึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ืชึผึดืงึฐื•ึธื” ืขึฒืžื•ึผืžึธื”, ืื•ึน ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื™ึธืจึตื™ ื ึถื—ึธืžึธื”. ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

  • ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ื›"ื— ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉื›"ื– ื”ื•ื "ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื"

    ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช/ โ€‹ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ื›"ื— ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉื›"ื– ื”ื•ื "ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ื ืื•ืช ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉื›"ื–, 1967 ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื•. ื”ืฉื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืคื™ ื”ืขื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”, ื•ื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื’ื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืœื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ. ืื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ื›"ื— ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉื›"ื–, ื”-7 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1967, ื”ื•ื "ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื". ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืืช ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืงืœ"ื– ื•ืืžืจ: "ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”' ืœื‘ืช-ืื“ื•ื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ "ืื ืืฉื›ื—ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื›ื— ื™ืžื™ื ื™" โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืื™ืชืŸ, ื‘ืŸ 2553 ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”. ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื ืงื ื•ืฉื™ืœื. ืœื ืœื”ื ื ืฉืื ื• ื ืคืฉื ื•. ื”ืจืื“ืจ, ื ื‘ื™-ืกืžื•ืืœ, ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ื—-ื’'ืจื—, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ื’ื•ืฉ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ - ืœืงื™ื—ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื‘, ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื ืชื ื• ื ืคืฉื ืขืœื™ื”ื โ€“ ื•ืœื ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืงื™ื“ืฉื ื• ืืช ื–ื›ืจื, ื•ืžื™ืœืื ื• ืฆื•ื•ืืชื ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ื’ >

  • ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื—ื’ ื›ืคื•ืœ: ื’ื ื—ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื—ื’ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”

    ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช/ ืฉืœืžื” ืœื‘ื™ื ื—ื’ ื›ืคื•ืœ: ื’ื ื—ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื—ื’ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“, ื˜ืงืก ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื– 1937 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืœืงื“ืฉ ืžื ื”ื’ ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื ื• ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื•, ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื˜ืขื ืœื• ื•ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื ื ื• ืขื ืœืœื ืžืชืžื•ืœ ื ื•ืœื“ื ื•, ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉื ื” ืื ื• ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื”ื—ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืขืžื• ื•ื‘ืจืขื ื ื•ืชื• ืขื•ืžื“. ืœื ืžืืชืžื•ืœ ื ื•ืœื“ื ื•. ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื•. ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฉืœืžื”. ื”ื ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”. ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจื ื•, ืžื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื ืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืืช ื”ื–ืจ ืœืจื•ื—ื ื• โ€“ ื ื•ืฆื™ื. ืขื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืืจ ื•ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™. ื—ื’ ืจืขื ืŸ ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ... ื”ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช? ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืื‘ืง ืคื•ืจื—. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื–ื• โ€“ ืฉื ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืขืžืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•, ื•ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ื•ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืœื ื• ืื“ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช... ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื ื—ื•ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืชื ื• โ€“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื ื—ื’ ืžืชืŸ-ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ืžืืœ ืื—ื“, ืจื•ืื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืจืื”. ืชื•ืจื” ื–ืืช ื ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืจืื”... ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืชื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื—ืจืจื” ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื... ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ืงื“ื•ืžื”, ืงืžื• ืฉื ื™ ืคืœืื™ ืชื‘ืœ: ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืžืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืžืžื•ืช ื•ืงืจื•ืช ื›ืื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจื•ื—ื” ืžืžืœืืช ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื” ืื—ืช ืœื’ืจ ื•ืœืชื•ืฉื‘, ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื’ื ืืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื ืงืจืื” ื“ืจื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื. ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช, ื—ื™ื”, ื ื™ืชื ื” ื›ื—ื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ "ืืœ ื—ื ื•ืŸ"... ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื’ ื›ืคื•ืœ; ื—ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื—ื’ ืžืชืŸ-ืชื•ืจื”, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ื• ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื• ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ื’ >

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